July 9, 2024

Fentanyl Cognitive Impairment: Risk Factors

Learn how fentanyl cognitive impairment affects clear thinking. Discover the risks and make informed choices about your health and well-being.

Frame 1077241737Medically Reviewed by Dr. Fayz Yar Khan, MD FACP

fentanyl cognitive impairment

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Kirsten Andersen

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Last Update on October 9, 2024

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If you or someone you care about uses fentanyl, it’s important to understand how this powerful drug can affect clear thinking, potentially leading to fentanyl cognitive impairment. 

Whether it’s being used as prescribed or abused, knowing the potential risks is important for making smart choices about your health and well-being.

Fear of the unknown can make it hard to ask for help when you need it most.

Understanding the effects of fentanyl on cognitive function can help you make better decisions and seek the support you need.

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Understanding Fentanyl: Cognitive Impairment Risks

To better understand how this drug can impact your life, first, you must understand exactly what fentanyl is and how it can significantly cause fentanyl cognitive impairment, affecting your brain.

What Exactly is Fentanyl?

Fentanyl is a strong synthetic opioid medication that doctors prescribe for severe pain, like after surgery or for chronic pain.

It’s also used to put people under for medical procedures.

However, with it being so strong and working so fast, a lot of people end up misusing and abusing it.

What Does Fentanyl Do to Your Brain?

See, when you take fentanyl, it attaches to opioid receptors in your brain, triggering chemical changes that affect your brain’s reward system, pain perception, and emotional regulation.

Over time, your brain may adapt to fentanyl, leading to tolerance and physical dependence.

This means you may need higher doses to achieve the same effects and may experience withdrawal symptoms if you stop using it abruptly.

So remember, the extent of fentanyl cognitive impairment depends on the dose, how often you use it, and for how long.

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Cognitive Concerns After Just One Use

You might find this hard to believe, but even just using fentanyl once can lead to fentanyl cognitive impairment, making it hard for you to think straight right away. 1

It might cause you to feel confused, out of it, or even make it difficult for you to focus at times.

Your memory could also be impaired, making it harder for you to remember recent events or info.

These are all early warning signs that can be really dangerous if you’re in a situation where you need to be alert and think fast.

Effects of Fentanyl on the Brain: Warning Signs To Watch For

When you use fentanyl, even just once, you might experience a feeling of being disoriented or perplexed. You may find yourself struggling to make sense of your surroundings or the conversations happening around you. This confusion can be unsettling and can make it challenging for you to deal with everyday situations.

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Recognizing Fentanyl Cognitive Impairment

The way fentanyl impacts thinking and cognition is a major concern for users and their loved ones. Whether it’s used for a short time or long term, fentanyl can lead to significant cognitive issues that affect many parts of your life. It’s important to be aware of these risks and get help if you or someone you care about is struggling with fentanyl use and cognitive problems.

Cognitive Issues After Sedation

Fentanyl used for sedation in medical settings can lead to fentanyl cognitive impairment, affecting cognitive function both in the short term and long term. 

After sedation, you might experience confusion, memory problems, and difficulty thinking clearly.2

These effects can last for a few hours or even longer, depending on the dosage and duration of use.

Long-term use or abuse of fentanyl can lead to more serious and lasting cognitive impairments.

Ongoing Cognitive Struggles for Regular Users

When you use fentanyl on a regular basis, whether prescribed or not, you could face constant cognitive challenges, known as fentanyl cognitive impairment.

Chronic fentanyl use can lead to you having problems concentrating, paying attention, and figuring things out.

Making decisions, planning, and remembering important things might become more difficult.

These cognitive issues can impact your daily life, including your job, school, and relationships.

Cognitive problems from fentanyl can show up as memory loss, confusion, trouble concentrating, and poor judgment. Tasks might be hard to focus on, decisions tough to make, and important info difficult to remember. The severity of these symptoms can vary based on how much and how long fentanyl has been used, but it’s crucial to watch for any changes in your thinking abilities.

Whether thinking problems from fentanyl can be reversed depends on a few things, like how long and how much it was used, as well as individual differences in brain chemistry and overall health. Sometimes, cognitive functions can get better when fentanyl use stops and with the right medical treatment. But using it for a long time can cause lasting or permanent damage, so seeking help early is key.

If your loved one is having cognitive issues from fentanyl, your support can be so important for their recovery. Encourage them to get medical help and provide a stable, understanding environment. Learn about fentanyl’s effects and available treatments so you can offer informed support and advocate for what your loved one needs. Be patient and understanding since cognitive recovery can be a gradual process. Offer hands-on help, like assisting with daily tasks or going with them to doctor’s appointments.

Long-Term Effects of Fentanyl

Long-term fentanyl use can have devastating consequences on your physical, mental, and emotional well-being.

The effects can linger even after you stop using the drug, making it difficult for you to regain control of your life.

Let’s take a closer look at what some of the most concerning long-term effects of fentanyl use are.

One of the most significant long-term effects of fentanyl use is the high risk of developing an addiction. Fentanyl is incredibly potent, and your body can quickly become dependent on it. Over time, you may find yourself craving fentanyl and feeling like you can’t function without it. Addiction can take over your life, straining your relationships, impacting your work or school performance, and leading to financial struggles.

Rising Trend Among Older Users

It may be hard to believe, but the use of fentanyl is becoming more and more common among older adults.

Why, you ask?

Well, the main reason is because it’s so effective when it comes to managing chronic pain.

This is because as you grow older, you’re more likely to experience persistent and severe pain conditions.

On top of that, you’re more likely to have multiple health issues that can contribute to your chronic pain as you get older.

Which then might lead your healthcare provider to prescribe you something stronger for your pain, such as fentanyl.

What Cognitive Function in Older Adults Looks Like

As you age, using fentanyl for pain relief carries significant risks due to changes in your body composition and metabolism, increasing the risk of fentanyl cognitive impairment.

You may become more sensitive to opioids, increasing the risk of side effects and overdose.

Fentanyl can impair cognitive functions, causing loss of memory, confusion, and poor concentration. It alters neurotransmitters and can lead to depression and anxiety.

If you are taking several medications, be aware that fentanyl can interact with all of them, requiring cautious management to avoid harmful effects.

Older Users May Struggle More With Thinking

Keep in mind that fentanyl cognitive impairment is particularly concerning for older adults, with the age-related changes making you more vulnerable to cognitive impairment.3 Although the risks of fentanyl pertain to both younger and older adults, the effects of fentanyl on thinking and memory can be more severe and longer-lasting the older you are.

Prioritizing Your Well-Being

Now that we’ve discussed how fentanyl can affect your brain and the risks of fentanyl cognitive impairment, you should have a better understanding of the dangers.

This knowledge can help you make informed decisions about your health.

It may be tough, but it’s important to be honest with yourself and talk to your loved ones about how fentanyl has affected your life.

Your health and happiness are worth fighting for.

You have the strength to make positive changes, prioritize self-care, and get the support you need to overcome fentanyl use.

We are here to help you every step of the way, whether you need alternative pain management, addiction treatment, or ways to cope with the effects of fentanyl.

At Cornerstone, you are not alone!

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Author & Reviewers

lionel estrada lisac clinical director
CLINICAL DIRECTOR & REVIEWER

Lionel is the Clinical Director of Cornerstone’s Scottsdale treatment facilities. He has had over 4 years at Cornerstone. He is personally in recovery and passionate about helping others overcome substance abuse and mental health challenges; he is trained as an EMDR, adopting a trauma-informed approach to treat the underlying issues.

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